Route 3
The Aegean-Balkan Passages
Locations: Turkey (Edirne, Istanbul, Izmir, Van), Greece (Lesvos, Samos, Kos, Leros, Agathonisi), Bulgaria (Harmanli, Svilengrad), Albania
This research focuses on the Eastern Passage, encompassing Turkey, Greece, Bulgaria, Albania, and the Aegean embarkation points. It examines the dynamics of border crossings, solidarity networks, and the socio-political context that shapes migration routes in this region. Key themes include:
a) Informal cooperative actions within the migration industry from below;
b) The role of solidarity actors and local communities in supporting people on the move;
c) The impact of EU externalization policies on border practices;
d) Experiences of people on the move navigating the Balkan route and Aegean crossings;
e) Cultural and artistic expressions emerging from these migratory contexts;
f) Feminization of migration and women’s solidarity networks, practices and strategies;
g) The maritime space as a paradigmatic site of contestation and resistance.
Methodology:
The research adopts a multi-sited ethnographic approach, combining participant observation, qualitative interviews and digital ethnography. Maritime ethnographic navigation has been employed to study the Aegean-Turkish sea border and its management of mobility. Artistic media such as photography, video and collaborative storytelling are used to capture lived experiences and encourage co-authorship.
Researchers
Rassa Ghaffari, Dorian Jano, Lülüfer Körükmez, Enrico Fravega, Luca Queirolo Palmas, Swanie Potot (Unité de Recherche Migrations et Société), Efrosini Plexousaki (Lesvos University), Didem Danış (GAR/Galatasaray University).Artists involved
Emanuela ZampaSupporting Associations
No Name Kitchen, NonSoloVela, GAR (Migration Research Association)Outcomes
Articles
The Variegated Game of Border Crossing Along the Balkan Route
D. Jano, S. A. Vještica - Critical Criminology, 2025: 53 - 69
To See and be Seen: Multilayered Field Ethnography in the Evros Region
Fravega, E.; Ghaffari, R.; Körükmez, L. - Crit Crim (2025) 129 - 138
The Digital Infrastructures of Illegal Border Crossings: Solidarity Actors and Networks in the Arabic and Persian Speaking Virtual Spheres
I. Oubad, R. Ghaffari - Crit Crim (2025) 33, 71–88
Iranians’ Unauthorized Mobility Projects to Europe: A Digital Ethnography of Smuggling and Solidarity
R. Ghaffari - PArtecipazione e COnflitto, 18(1), 2025
Unsettling Solidarity: Towards a Materialistic Approach to Border Transgression
I. Bonnin, C. Cassarini, P. Cuttitta, G. Kouagang, I. Oubad, L. Q. Palmas, F. Rahola - Soft Power: Revista euro-americana de teoría e historia de la política y del derecho, 11(1). January-June 2024.
Reports
Beyond Irregular Pathways: Cultural Frameworks, Solidarity Networks, and Agency in Albanian Migration to the UK
D. Jano - 2024, ERC AdG SolRoutes Report
Sea Battlegrounds for Solidarity
E. Fravega, R. Ghaffari, L. Korukmez and L. Queirolo Palmas With the participation of: S. Potot (University of Nice), L. Giliberti (University of Parma) and Efrosini Plexousaki (Aegean University) -
‘Ain’t I a woman?’ Iranian and Afghan women's underground solidarity networks andpractices in Lesvos
R. Ghaffari, E. Zampa (photographer) - 2025, ERC AdG SolRoutes Report
The externalization of borders, solidarity and smuggling between Bulgaria and Türkiye
R. Ghaffari; Commissioned artist: E. Zampa - 2024, ERC AdG SolRoutes Report
Religion and Solidarity: Faith-Based Support for Refugees in Turkey
L. Körükmez - 2024, ERC AdG SolRoutes Report
Solidarities in Izmir Imagined and in Practice
L. Körükmez - 2024, ERC AdG SolRoutes Report
Films and other artistic works
199-unknown
E. Zampa - (2024), Arts on the move debordering Europe
The Illegal Cookbook
E. Zampa, R. Ghaffari - (2024), photographic exhibition: Arts on the move debordering Europe
Crossing Basmane
M. Cinque - (2024), Arts on the move debordering Europe
OTEL BASMANE
M. Cinque - (2024), Arts on the move debordering Europe
Demonstration
M. Cinque - (2024), Arts on the move debordering Europe
Newspaper and Media
A journey through the stories of immigrants who have started everything from scratch
Jano, D. - (2025). Zero – (Journeys of Hope: Exploring Migration and Solidarity Networks) [Podcast episode]. Cultural Broadcasting Archive
Albanian Solidarity in Migration Journeys: Narratives of a Living Heritage
M. Ramadani, D. Jano - (2024) (Solidariteti Shqiptar në Udhëtimet e Migracionit: Rrëfime të Një Trashëgimie të Gjallë) [Podcast episode]. Radio Rinia, Cultural Broadcasting Archive.
La criminalizzazione della solidarietà dal basso e la figura dello smuggler: il caso della Grecia
R. Ghaffari - (2024), Rivista Controfuoco, 1: 56-62.







